Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Olea europaea and Ficus carica Leaves Against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract
This study was based on the evaluation of antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Olea europaea (Olive tree) and Ficus carica (Fig tree), separately and synergistically, against a standard Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SMRSA) strain using well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results revealed that the Olea europaea leaves extract was more potent than the Ficus carica leaves extract against MRSA, as the zone of inhibition was 12.6 mm and 6 mm respectively. By mixing both extracts, the results showed a slight synergistic effect, as the zones of inhibition were 10.6 mm,12 mm,11.3 mm and 12 mm for 1:1, 1:3, 1:6 and 1:9 ratios of the Olea europaea leaves and the Ficus carica leaves extracts respectively. The MIC for SMRSA growth was 200mg/ml for the Olea europaea leaves alone and mixed with Ficus carica. However, Ficus carica alone did not inhibit the growth of SMRSA. These results showing a potent anti-MRSA activity of the Olea europaea leaves and, therefore, their potential as a source of drug in the treatment of MRSA infections.
References
1- Watkins R.R., David M.Z., Salata R.A. Current concepts on the virulence mechanisms of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Med. Microbiol. 2012; 61(9): 1179-1193.
2- Jorgensen M, Givney R, Pegler M, Vickery A, and. Funnell G. Typing multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: conflicting epidemiological data produced by genotypic and phenotypic methods clarified by phylogenetic analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1996; 34(2): 398-403.
3- Oskay M, Oskay D, and Kalyoncu F. Activity of Some Plant Extracts Against Multi- Drug Resistant Human Pathogens. IJPR.2009; 8(4):293-300.
4- Mawa S, Husain K and Jantan I. Ficus carica L. (Moraceae): Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Biology Activities. Hindawi.2013; Article ID 974256,8 pages.
5- Al ASkari G, Kahouadji A, Khedid K, Ouaffak L, Mousaddak M, Charof R and Mennane Z. In vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Ficus carica collected from five different regions of Morocco. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 2013; 4(1): 33-38.
6- Truchan M, Tkachenko H, Buyun L, Osadowski Z, Sosnovskyi Y , Honcharenko V , et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of some Ficus Species Against Clinical Isolate of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Research Gate2016; 346-353.
7- Ali N, Vishwakarma PK, Khan I and Sohaib M. In Vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal and Phytotoxic Activities of Ficus Carica Methanolic Leaves Extracts. Inc. Curr. Biotechnol. 2014; 2(2):11-15.
8- Jeong MR, Kim HY and Cha JD. Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extract from Ficus carica Leaves Against Oral Bacteria. JBV 2009; 39(2) 97 – 102.
9- Molina AP and Castro MD. Potential of residues from the Mediterranean agriculture and agrifood industry. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2013; 32: 16–24.
10- Le Tutour B and Guedon D. Antioxidant activities of Olea europaea leaves and related phenolic compounds. Phytochemistry. 1992; 31(4): 1173–1178.
11- Keskın D, Ceyhan N, Ugur A and Dbeys A. Antimicrobial activity and chemical constitutions of West Anatolian olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment.2012; 10 (2):99-102.
12- Gumgumjee NM and Hajar AS. Antimicrobial Activities and phytochemical properties of Saudi Olea europaea subsp. Cuspidata. Life Sci J 2014;11(6s):232- 237.
13- Pereira AP, Ferreira ICFR, Marcelino F, V alentao P , Andrade PB, Seabra R, et al. Phenolic Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Olive (Olea europea L. Cv. Corbançosa) Leaves. Molecules 2007; 12(5): 1153-1162.
14- Markin, D, Duek L and Berdicevsky I. In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Olive Leaves. Mycoses 2003; 46(3-4): 132-136.
15- Sudjana AN, D’Orazio C, Ryan V, Rasool N, Ng J, Islam N, et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Commercial Olea europea (olive) Leaf Extract. IJAA 2009;33: 461- 463.
16- K. Natchimuchu, k. Subbiah, P. Mani, J. Mani and R. Kuppuraj. Antibacterial Potency and Synergistic Effect of Certain Plant Extracts Against Food-Borne Diarrheagenic Bacteria. IJBPS.2008; 2(2): 88-93.
17- Perez, E. Dom Ìınguez, J. M. Ramiro, A. Romero, J. E. Campillo, and M.D. Torres. A study on the glycemic balance in streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with an aqueous extract of Ficus carica (fig tree) leaves. JPTR 1998;10(1) :82–83.
18- E Bonyadi, V Awad and B Nirichan. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Bryonopsis laciniosa leaf, stem, fruit and seed. Afr. J. Biotechnol.2009; 8 (15): 3565-3567.
19- H. Abdoulraouf, Z. Sadek, A. Mohamed, A. Mohamed, E. Sabry, O. Hamdy and B. Emad. Antibacterial activity of selected Libyan medicinal plants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. JPP. 2015; 3(6): 197-201.
20-Gilani, A. H., M. H. Mehmood, K. H. Janbaz, A. U. Khan, and S. A. Saeed. Ethno pharmacological studies on antispasmodic and antiplatelet activities of Ficus carica. J. Ethno pharmacol. 2008; (119): 1-5.
21-Ryu, S. R., H. Cho, and S. T. Jung. The study on the separation and antitumor activity as new substances in fig. J. Applied Chem. 1982; 961-964.
22-Visioli, F., A. Poli and C. Gall. Antioxidant and other biological activities of phenols from olives and olive oil. Med. Res. Rev. 2002; (22): 65-75.
2- Jorgensen M, Givney R, Pegler M, Vickery A, and. Funnell G. Typing multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: conflicting epidemiological data produced by genotypic and phenotypic methods clarified by phylogenetic analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1996; 34(2): 398-403.
3- Oskay M, Oskay D, and Kalyoncu F. Activity of Some Plant Extracts Against Multi- Drug Resistant Human Pathogens. IJPR.2009; 8(4):293-300.
4- Mawa S, Husain K and Jantan I. Ficus carica L. (Moraceae): Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Biology Activities. Hindawi.2013; Article ID 974256,8 pages.
5- Al ASkari G, Kahouadji A, Khedid K, Ouaffak L, Mousaddak M, Charof R and Mennane Z. In vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Ficus carica collected from five different regions of Morocco. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 2013; 4(1): 33-38.
6- Truchan M, Tkachenko H, Buyun L, Osadowski Z, Sosnovskyi Y , Honcharenko V , et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of some Ficus Species Against Clinical Isolate of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Research Gate2016; 346-353.
7- Ali N, Vishwakarma PK, Khan I and Sohaib M. In Vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal and Phytotoxic Activities of Ficus Carica Methanolic Leaves Extracts. Inc. Curr. Biotechnol. 2014; 2(2):11-15.
8- Jeong MR, Kim HY and Cha JD. Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extract from Ficus carica Leaves Against Oral Bacteria. JBV 2009; 39(2) 97 – 102.
9- Molina AP and Castro MD. Potential of residues from the Mediterranean agriculture and agrifood industry. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2013; 32: 16–24.
10- Le Tutour B and Guedon D. Antioxidant activities of Olea europaea leaves and related phenolic compounds. Phytochemistry. 1992; 31(4): 1173–1178.
11- Keskın D, Ceyhan N, Ugur A and Dbeys A. Antimicrobial activity and chemical constitutions of West Anatolian olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment.2012; 10 (2):99-102.
12- Gumgumjee NM and Hajar AS. Antimicrobial Activities and phytochemical properties of Saudi Olea europaea subsp. Cuspidata. Life Sci J 2014;11(6s):232- 237.
13- Pereira AP, Ferreira ICFR, Marcelino F, V alentao P , Andrade PB, Seabra R, et al. Phenolic Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Olive (Olea europea L. Cv. Corbançosa) Leaves. Molecules 2007; 12(5): 1153-1162.
14- Markin, D, Duek L and Berdicevsky I. In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Olive Leaves. Mycoses 2003; 46(3-4): 132-136.
15- Sudjana AN, D’Orazio C, Ryan V, Rasool N, Ng J, Islam N, et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Commercial Olea europea (olive) Leaf Extract. IJAA 2009;33: 461- 463.
16- K. Natchimuchu, k. Subbiah, P. Mani, J. Mani and R. Kuppuraj. Antibacterial Potency and Synergistic Effect of Certain Plant Extracts Against Food-Borne Diarrheagenic Bacteria. IJBPS.2008; 2(2): 88-93.
17- Perez, E. Dom Ìınguez, J. M. Ramiro, A. Romero, J. E. Campillo, and M.D. Torres. A study on the glycemic balance in streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with an aqueous extract of Ficus carica (fig tree) leaves. JPTR 1998;10(1) :82–83.
18- E Bonyadi, V Awad and B Nirichan. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Bryonopsis laciniosa leaf, stem, fruit and seed. Afr. J. Biotechnol.2009; 8 (15): 3565-3567.
19- H. Abdoulraouf, Z. Sadek, A. Mohamed, A. Mohamed, E. Sabry, O. Hamdy and B. Emad. Antibacterial activity of selected Libyan medicinal plants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. JPP. 2015; 3(6): 197-201.
20-Gilani, A. H., M. H. Mehmood, K. H. Janbaz, A. U. Khan, and S. A. Saeed. Ethno pharmacological studies on antispasmodic and antiplatelet activities of Ficus carica. J. Ethno pharmacol. 2008; (119): 1-5.
21-Ryu, S. R., H. Cho, and S. T. Jung. The study on the separation and antitumor activity as new substances in fig. J. Applied Chem. 1982; 961-964.
22-Visioli, F., A. Poli and C. Gall. Antioxidant and other biological activities of phenols from olives and olive oil. Med. Res. Rev. 2002; (22): 65-75.
Additional Files
Published
2018-06-26
How to Cite
Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Olea europaea and Ficus carica Leaves Against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (2018). Lebda Medical Journal, 4(1), 127–131. Retrieved from https://lebmedj.elmergib.edu.ly/index.php/LMJ/article/view/70
Issue
Section
BioMedical
